Round barrows were created in every part of England, mainly between 2200BC and 1100BC, but many have been destroyed. They can be identified as round mounds, often surrounded by a ‘ring ditch’ from which the earth and stone for the mound was dug.
There are many famous groups of Bronze Age barrows within the Stonehenge World Heritage Site (WHS). The Stonehenge WHS Landscape Project was able to reconstruct the history of the barrows by combining a new survey of the surviving mounds with antiquarian, aerial photographic, geophysical and excavated evidence.
This research helps us understand how and why barrows were constructed. They were burial places but were also used by the living for carrying out the many rituals that cemented the relationships of their communities (just as parish churches are places of burial but also used for other regular rituals of Christian life).
The barrows near Stonehenge are well known, but many more have been scheduled (protected) to help conserve these significant ancestral monuments.
Here are a few examples which can be visited today:
The Cursus Barrows: Amesbury Down, near Stonehenge
Like most barrows, the Cursus Barrows have a more complicated story than is first apparent. A thousand years before any barrows were built, a small circle of posts within an enclosing ditch was constructed on the flank of the down.
Much later (around 2000 BC), a small round barrow was raised on the site. This is one of about 18 barrows arranged along the ridge of the down. Some are large and imposing, others small.
Some are on their own, others clustered together or even touching. Several show signs of modification, both in antiquity and more recently. Most of them were raised over the burials of individuals and have other human remains within them, presumably members of the same family or clan.
People returned to this area over several hundred years, burying or cremating their dead, building and altering monuments and carrying out many other ceremonies.
The Winterbourne Poor Lot Barrows: South Dorset Ridgeway
The Winterbourne Poor Lot Barrows are one of many groups of barrows along this high chalk ridge above the south coast. They show as much variety and complexity as the Stonehenge barrows and evoke the historical depth of this landscape.
Numbering around 44 barrows across the whole site, they include rare and fragile disc, bell and pond barrows dating to the Early Bronze Age (2000 to 1500 BC). Many of them are scheduled to preserve their potential to reveal chronological and cultural links between prehistoric communities.
Priddy Nine Barrows: Mendip Hills, Somerset
The eye-catching Priddy Nine Barrows, strung along the skyline on Ashenhill and North Hill on the Mendip plateau, comprise two distinct lines of bowl barrows. Recently studied by HE, their prominence is due to their construction over earlier, much lower, stone cairns.
See our Commemorative and Funerary Guide for more on these distinctive features.
Round barrows can be found in many other places, such as the South Pennines. For more information see our Introduction to Prehistoric Barrows and Burial Mounds, and search Pastscape for barrows and other prehistoric monuments in your local area.
Further reading
Reblogged this on Andy Whiting's Heritage, History and Archaeology.
Barrows are such fascinating yet hair pullingly annoying things! I found one ins local park, myself and another classmate even surveyed it for a project during our masters, and with all the data, we still don’t know what it is.. Maybe you’d like to take a look some time? Archaeofox.com
Beautifully and concisely informative, thank you!